Regulator MPPT Victron

Principles of operation of a solar MPPT controller

A conventional solar regulator, connected between the photovoltaic panels and the batteries, does not transform the energy produced by the panels.
For example: a panel of 75Wc delivers with a good sunshine a current of 17 Volts with an intensity of 4.4 Amps (Power (Wc) = Volts x Amperes). With a traditional regulator, the battery is not able to absorb all this energy produced. Although the solar panel has an output voltage of 17 volts, the internal resistance of the battery will "lower" the voltage of the solar panel to its own voltage (a battery has an internal resistance that increases the latter is discharged - example: 10.5 volts for a very discharged battery)
 So by applying the principle "Power (Wc) = Volts x Amperes", the solar panel of 75 watts will only deliver 46.2 watts is: 10.5 volts x 4.4 amps = 46.2 Watts, so there is almost 29 watts of lost.
The MPPT regulator functions as a "power converter", which will adapt the output voltage (17 volts) of the solar panel to the voltage of the battery on which it is connected, while increasing the intensity of this current. In our example, always applying the law of Ohm (I amperage = P power: Vvolt), 75 W / 10.5 V = 7.15 A, the regulator will provide an amperage of 7.15 amperes. >  The charging current has increased by 2.75 amps, which is the 29 watts we lost with a conventional regulator.
 

The solar charge controller used in a photovoltaic system

The solar controller continuously measures the battery voltage and manages the power supply of photovoltaic modules
It regulates the charge of the battery bank in order to avoid the overloads, ensures the limitation of the current coming from the modules. It limits the discharge by unloading of the use, or even the total stop, in order to avoid the discharges deep, which could damage the batteries. It controls the operation of the generator by display (LEDs and display, if the controller is equipped with a display).

Batteries store energy produced by photovoltaic panels

In order to ensure the power supply of the receivers in all circumstances (day or night, cleared or covered sky)
Solar batteries, also called slow-cycle batteries, are specifically designed for solar or wind applications. They do not have the same characteristics as a car battery for example. The capacity of a battery is expressed in Ah (Ampere / hour) and its voltage is 12 V (Volts), 6V and sometimes 2V (for the most important installations).
 

The converter converts the DC current of the batteries (12V, 24V or 48V) into 230V AC

Simply connect the terminals on the converter (also called inverter) to the battery terminals. The electrical devices you wish to supply are then simply connected to the 220/230 V sockets of the converter (note: the sum of the powers of the devices connected to the converter must be lower than the power indicated for the converter).
It is advisable to minimize the distance of the cable Regulator - Battery and Battery - Inverter (less than 6m) as much as possible to avoid loss of electricity.
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